Not likely Element Binding, as each execution would perform the exact same way. You can test by trying in a brand new workshared file (the GUIDS of the new elements wouldn’t align and therefore bindings wouldn’t either) or by opening the Dynamo graph in a text editor and checking bindings.
If you do find bindings, clear them out and see if it reproduces.
If bindings are eliminated while I do wonder if some of the complex nature of assemblies is at play, we can’t know for sure without a reproducible sample. As such the next step will be to see if you can trigger the issue via other execution methods - player, Dynamo Revit, Relay or other ‘add-in-indication’ or journal playback can all work as test methods.
If it doesn’t repeat in one of those methods, Dyno becomes the likely root cause - moving to the use of Player or another tool might be advisable as you need to rethink things in 2025 anyway…